Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which makes breathing difficult. During an asthma episode, the muscles surrounding the airways tighten, the lining becomes swollen, and excess mucus may be produced, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or early in the morning. Triggers vary among individuals and may include allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, smoke, or environmental pollutants. Asthma can range from mild and occasional to severe and persistent, and while it cannot be cured, it is typically manageable with inhaled medications, avoidance of triggers, and an individualized treatment plan designed to control inflammation and prevent attacks.