Bell’s palsy is a sudden, temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. It occurs when the facial nerve becomes inflamed, disrupting the signals that control facial movement. This can cause a drooping appearance, difficulty closing the eye, reduced ability to smile, and sometimes changes in taste or increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side. The exact cause isn’t always clear, but it is commonly associated with viral infections—particularly the reactivation of viruses such as Herpes simplex virus.

Most cases develop quickly, often reaching peak weakness within 48 hours. Although the symptoms can be alarming, the condition is usually temporary. The majority of people begin to recover within a few weeks, with significant improvement over a few months. Treatment may include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, eye care to prevent dryness or injury, and sometimes antiviral medications. While most individuals recover fully, a small percentage may experience lingering weakness or facial asymmetry, making early evaluation and supportive care important.