Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that develops in the colon or rectum, usually beginning as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that can gradually become cancerous over time. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and often develops slowly, sometimes without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or anemia. Risk factors include age, family history, inflammatory bowel disease, a diet high in processed or red meats, obesity, smoking, and low physical activity. Regular screening—such as colonoscopy or stool-based tests—can detect precancerous polyps early and significantly reduce the risk of advanced disease, while treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies depending on the stage and spread of the cancer.