Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition in which the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques, a process known as atherosclerosis. This reduced blood flow can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, or, in severe cases, a heart attack if a blockage becomes complete. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of heart disease. CHD often develops gradually over many years and may not cause noticeable symptoms until significant narrowing has occurred. Prevention and management focus on lifestyle changes, medications to control risk factors, and, when necessary, procedures such as angioplasty, stent placement, or coronary artery bypass surgery to restore adequate blood flow.