Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by flaking of dead skin cells, often accompanied by itching and mild irritation. It is frequently associated with seborrheic dermatitis and may be linked to an overgrowth of a naturally occurring yeast called Malassezia, which can irritate the scalp and accelerate skin cell turnover. Factors such as oily skin, stress, cold weather, hormonal changes, and certain hair care products may contribute to its development. While dandruff is not contagious or typically serious, it can be persistent and bothersome. Treatment usually involves medicated shampoos containing antifungal agents, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, or ketoconazole to reduce flaking and control scalp inflammation.