Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, where most strains are harmless and play a role in normal gut function. However, certain strains can cause illness, particularly when ingested through contaminated food, water, or contact with infected individuals. Pathogenic E. coli infections often lead to symptoms such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, and vomiting, and in severe cases can result in complications like dehydration or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious condition affecting the kidneys. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through stool testing, and treatment focuses on supportive care, including hydration, as antibiotics are not always recommended for specific strains. Prevention relies on proper food handling, thorough cooking of meats, good hand hygiene, and safe water practices.