Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, red, and irritated patches of skin that may crack, ooze, or thicken over time. The most common form is atopic dermatitis, which is often linked to genetic factors and an overactive immune response, and may be associated with allergies or asthma. Triggers can include irritants such as soaps and detergents, environmental allergens, stress, temperature changes, and certain fabrics. Symptoms tend to flare periodically and may vary in severity from mild dryness to intense itching and widespread inflammation. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on moisturizing the skin, avoiding triggers, and using topical medications such as corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory agents to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups.