Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body’s tissues, leading to swelling that most commonly affects the legs, ankles, feet, or hands. It occurs when excess fluid leaks from blood vessels into surrounding tissues or when the lymphatic system does not effectively remove fluid. Causes range from prolonged sitting or standing, high salt intake, pregnancy, and certain medications to more serious conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disorders, or venous insufficiency. Symptoms may include puffiness, tight or shiny skin, and indentation of the skin when pressed (pitting edema). Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may involve reducing salt intake, elevating the affected limbs, using compression garments, or prescribing medications such as diuretics.