Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower rectum or anus, similar to varicose veins, and are a common cause of rectal discomfort. They may be internal, occurring inside the rectum, or external, forming under the skin around the anus. Symptoms can include itching, pain, swelling, discomfort during bowel movements, and bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool. Hemorrhoids often develop due to increased pressure in the lower rectum from straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation or diarrhea, prolonged sitting, pregnancy, or obesity. While many cases are mild and resolve on their own, persistent or severe symptoms may require medical evaluation to rule out other causes of rectal bleeding.