Herpes is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which exists in two main types: HSV-1, commonly associated with oral infections, and HSV-2, typically linked to genital infections. The virus spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact and can be transmitted even when visible sores are not present. After the initial infection, HSV remains dormant in nerve cells and may reactivate periodically, leading to recurrent outbreaks of painful blisters or ulcers. Symptoms can include tingling, itching, burning sensations before lesions appear, as well as flu-like symptoms during the first episode. While herpes is a lifelong infection, outbreaks vary in frequency and severity, and many individuals may have mild or no noticeable symptoms.