Kidney problems refer to conditions that impair the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain normal blood pressure. These disorders may include acute kidney injury, which develops suddenly due to factors such as infection, dehydration, or medication effects, and chronic kidney disease, a gradual decline in kidney function often associated with diabetes or hypertension. Symptoms can include swelling in the legs or face, changes in urination, fatigue, nausea, high blood pressure, or confusion in advanced stages. Because early kidney disease may produce few noticeable signs, routine blood and urine testing are important for detection. Untreated kidney problems can progress to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or transplantation.
