Kidney problems refer to conditions that impair the kidneys’ ability to filter waste, balance fluids and electrolytes, and regulate blood pressure and red blood cell production. These disorders range from acute kidney injury, which develops suddenly due to infection, dehydration, medications, or reduced blood flow, to chronic kidney disease, a gradual loss of function often linked to diabetes, hypertension, or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms may include swelling in the legs or face, fatigue, changes in urination, high blood pressure, nausea, or confusion in advanced stages. Kidney stones, infections, and inherited conditions such as polycystic kidney disease are also common concerns. Early detection through blood and urine testing, along with management of underlying risk factors, is essential to prevent progression to kidney failure, which may require dialysis or transplantation.