Lou Gehrig’s disease, medically known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons—the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. As these neurons gradually deteriorate and die, the brain loses the ability to initiate and control muscle actions, leading to muscle weakness, twitching, stiffness, and eventual paralysis. Early symptoms often include difficulty with speaking, swallowing, or using the hands, and the disease typically advances to impair breathing as respiratory muscles weaken. While cognitive function is often preserved, some individuals may experience changes in thinking or behavior. The exact cause is unknown in most cases, though a small percentage are inherited. Although there is currently no cure, treatments focus on slowing progression, managing symptoms, and supporting quality of life.