Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells responsible for skin color. It often appears as a new mole or a change in an existing mole, displaying features such as asymmetry, irregular borders, uneven color, increasing size, or evolving shape. Although less common than other skin cancers, melanoma is more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. Major risk factors include excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, numerous or atypical moles, and family history. Early identification and medical evaluation are critical, as prompt diagnosis significantly improves outcomes.