Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting individuals with ovaries, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of androgens (male-type hormones), and the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries seen on ultrasound. The condition is associated with disruptions in ovulation and insulin regulation, which can contribute to symptoms such as irregular or absent periods, acne, excess facial or body hair, scalp hair thinning, weight gain, and difficulty becoming pregnant. PCOS is also linked to an increased risk of metabolic issues, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The exact cause is not fully understood but involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors affecting hormone balance and ovarian function.