Tingling (also called paresthesia) is an abnormal sensation of prickling, pins-and-needles, crawling, buzzing, or “electric” feelings on the skin, most often in the hands, feet, fingers, toes, arms, legs, or face, without an obvious external stimulus. It results from temporary or persistent irritation, compression, or dysfunction of sensory nerves or their pathways in the peripheral nervous system or central nervous system. Common benign causes include prolonged pressure on a nerve (e.g., sitting on a leg causing “pins and needles” that resolves quickly), hyperventilation (from anxiety causing transient low carbon dioxide levels), poor circulation (e.g., cold exposure), or vitamin deficiencies (especially B12). More persistent or concerning tingling can stem from nerve compression (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome in hands, sciatica radiating down the leg), peripheral neuropathy (from diabetes, alcohol overuse, chemotherapy, or toxins), multiple sclerosis (often with “MS hug” or band-like sensations), stroke or transient ischemic attack (sudden unilateral tingling), spinal cord issues (e.g., herniated disc, stenosis), anxiety/panic attacks (with hyperventilation), hypothyroidism, or electrolyte imbalances (low calcium, magnesium, or potassium). It may occur alone or with numbness, weakness, burning pain, or changes in sensation, and can be intermittent, constant, localized, or widespread depending on the underlying trigger.