Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, typically transmitted through contaminated food or water. It primarily affects the intestines and bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as prolonged high fever, abdominal pain, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and sometimes a characteristic rash of flat, rose-colored spots on the trunk. In severe cases, the infection can cause intestinal bleeding, perforation, or organ involvement. Typhoid fever is most common in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Because early symptoms can resemble other febrile illnesses, prompt medical evaluation is important for diagnosis and to prevent serious complications.