Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing that typically appear in early childhood. Individuals on the spectrum may experience challenges with social interaction, eye contact, language development, and understanding social cues, along with repetitive behaviors, focused interests, or heightened sensitivity to sounds, textures, or light. The severity and presentation vary widely, which is why it is described as a spectrum. The exact causes are not fully understood but are believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors affecting brain development. While autism is not a disease to be cured, early intervention, behavioral therapies, educational support, and tailored strategies can significantly improve communication skills, independence, and quality of life.